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KMID : 0378019610040120077
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New Medical Journal
1961 Volume.4 No. 12 p.77 ~ p.82
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Dusts in the Atmosphere of Seoul City
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Abstract
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The relationship of atmospheric dusts to health and disease has received extensive consideration in past years and each aspect of the problem has its staunch advocates. Apart from their bacterial count or their pertinent problems of pneumoconiosis, atmospheric dusts irritate the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and pave the Way for the development of various respiratory infections. The another potent objection to atmospheric dusts is that they represent a nuisance. Clothes soil more rapidly, the houses, furniture and streets becomes covered with dust and grime which necessitate frequent cleaning. On windy days accumulated dusts and dirt of the street are lifted into the air and whirled about until they enter the eyes, ears, nose and mouth and create not only a nuisance, but also induce a habit of spitting.
The recent striking increase of traffic in the city, which has preceded the paving of the streets, has caused a definite increese of dust in, the city. The study was therefore primarily undertaken to determine dust concentrations in.the street air and other places including schools, hospital wards, business offices, homes and several working shops etc.
Dust samples were collected with a M. S. A. Midget impinger(L. Greenburg and G. W. Smith) in a routine procedure and a Sedgwick Rafter cell was employed for dust-counting. The following significant observations were made:
1. The degree of dust concentration on the main streets of Seoul city varied from one place to another, and was influenced by the traffic load during the 24-hour period. The average number of dust particles for the daytime was highest with 17.8 mppcf, lowest with 13.0 mppcf and the median value was 15.7 mppcf, all of which figures definitely exceed the maximum allowable concentration of 11.2 mppcf. Dust particles in the open air increase twice a day, between 89 o´clock A.M. and 56 o´clock P.M., while on the contrary the decrease of dust was noted during midday and midnight.
2. The dust particles of air samples taken from the briquette, cotton spinning factories, the rice mill or when sweeping the "ondol" floor of the dwellings, varied from 33.4 mppcf to 70.1 mppcf, which exceeds far beyond the hygienic threshold value. The air samples from various vehicles including street cars, buses and taxis contained 13.416.0 mppcf, which is deemed to be outside the hygienic limits. The tea shop, restaurant, hospital wards, outpatient clinics and lecture rooms of the school produced dust particles averaging 5.611.2 mppcf, which are believed to be of light and moderate degree of dustiness. The;only place having the so called fresh air (less than 2.8 mppcf) was the school ground during the night.
3. The size of dust particles was 0.110 microns approximately and varied according to the places where the samples were taken. The dust particles in the size range 0.5 to 5 microns, significant in causing pneumoconiosis, occupied 14.3 percent of the total dust count at the tea shop. The ondol room during sweeping showed 24.5 percent in this range and 40.7 percent on the main street.
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